中国驻佛罗伦萨总领事馆7日发文提醒赴意大利游客切实提高安全意识,主动加强防范,妥善保管个人物品。

据中国驻佛罗伦萨总领事馆发布的消息,意大利中部地区近日发生一起中国游客团体搭乘的旅游大巴失窃案件,造成部分人员较大财物损失。总领馆提示,目前正值暑期旅游旺季,无论自驾还是乘坐大巴等公共交通工具,游客上下车时务必确认随身带好证件及个人物品,切勿将相关物品留置车中,以防车门被撬、车窗被砸,导致财物失窃。
中共中央政治局委员、国务院副总理张国清8日在京出席第十二届世界高速铁路大会开幕式并致辞。

张国清表示,中国高度重视高速铁路创新发展。习近平主席指出,中国自主创新的一个成功范例就是高铁,从无到有,从引进、消化、吸收再创新到自主创新,现在已经领跑世界。近年来,中国高速铁路坚持创新发展,建成世界最大的高速铁路网,树起高铁技术国际标杆,极大便利群众出行,促进了区域互联互通和经济社会协调发展。

张国清表示,中国将秉持共商共建共享理念,为世界高速铁路发展贡献更多中国智慧、中国技术、中国方案。一是深化合作对接,以平等互利为基础,积极发展双多边铁路合作。二是推进互联互通,统筹推动基础设施“硬联通”和规则标准“软联通”。三是加强技术共享,愿与各国分享中国在高速铁路建设运营方面的经验,共同推动前沿技术在铁路领域广泛应用,以数智化赋能铁路创新发展。四是服务美好生活,统筹重大工程和“小而美”民生项目实施,更好促进经济发展、增进民生福祉。

本届大会以“高速铁路:创新发展让生活更美好”为主题,由中国国家铁路集团有限公司和国际铁路联盟共同主办,国内外铁路技术人员、企业负责人、政府官员和国际组织代表等2000余人参加开幕式。
香港特区政府8日在宪报刊登《2025年立法会(权力及特权)(修订)条例草案》(以下简称条例草案)。

因应香港特区立法会完善立法会议员履职制度、引入《立法会议员守则》(以下简称守则)和对议事规则作出相应修订,特区政府将按立法会建议提交条例草案,以修订《立法会(权力及特权)条例》(第382章)(以下简称条例),向因违反守则而根据议事规则被暂停立法会职务的立法会议员施加财政处分。

特区政府发言人表示,特区政府支持立法会完善议员履职制度的建议。现时条例有关立法会议员在停职期间须扣起其酬金及津贴的规定,只适用于因议员作出极不检点行为的情况。根据立法会建议,议员日后因违反守则并根据议事规则被暂停立法会职务,其停职期间的酬金及津贴同样须被扣起。修订亦为立法会提供弹性,以处理立法会将来因根据议事规则所批准的其他理由被暂停立法会职务的议员须扣起酬金及津贴的情况。条例草案如获立法会通过,会与守则和经修订的议事规则一并于第八届立法会起生效。

特区政府发言人表示,特区政府充分肯定立法会就加强自我监督和自我完善,并增加立法会运作的透明度而采取的措施。条例的修订有助立法会不断求进,为“爱国者治港”创造更大价值。

条例草案将于9日提交立法会作首读。
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At the individual level, we found that contrary to expectations generated from Western democracies, Africans who are poorer and less educated tend to participate more in political and civic activities than their wealthier and more educated counterparts. At…
“西方民主国家”的理论无法指导,至少无法很好的指导其他国家;甚至于出现了“与西方民主国家的预期相反”的情况。但是很多群体不这么认为,或者不能接受这样的情况。

我们国家曾经也因为“西方民主国家”宣传的“理论”而走了很多弯路。万幸,近些年很多经济政策正在“拨乱反正”。虽然还有很多地方,很多政策没有调整。

国家的、民族的工业和工业体系是无法转移的,中国的工业化不是靠“产业转移”发展起来的;“外资从来没有发动过一个国家的工业化,它们只是在一个国家有了一定发展之后才会进入,目的无非是争夺市场”。中国同样没有“产能过剩”,限产体制限制着中国的经济发展。实际上,“高速度发展”与“高质量发展”是可以同时的。
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Citizen_engagement_Afrobarometer_flagship_report_ENG_4july25_1.pdf
At the individual level, we found that contrary to expectations generated from Western democracies, Africans who are poorer and less educated tend to participate more in political and civic activities than their wealthier and more educated counterparts.

At the national level, we now examine the impacts of infrastructure development (access to piped water and the electricity grid) and national wealth (gross domestic product (GDP) and Human Development Index score) on the varying levels of citizen engagement we have observed at the country level.

Consistent with our individual-level findings, analysis of Afrobarometer Round 9 data shows that rates of citizen participation in various forms of political and communal action – including voting, attending community meetings, and joining with others to raise issues – are higher in poorer countries and in countries with limited public infrastructure.


在个人层面,我们发现与西方民主国家的预期相反,非洲那些较贫穷、受教育程度较低的人,往往比那些较富有、受教育程度较高的人更多地参与政治和公民活动。

在国家层面,我们现在考察基础设施发展(自来水和电网的普及)和国家财富(国内生产总值(GDP)和人类发展指数得分)对我们在国家层面观察到的公民参与程度的影响。

与我们的个人层面发现一致,对非洲晴雨表第九轮数据的分析显示,在较贫穷的国家和公共基础设施有限的国家,公民参与各种形式的政治和社区行动——包括投票、参加社区会议以及与他人一起提出问题——的比例更高。
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Afrobarometer Round 9 data confirm that women continue to engage at substantially lower rates than men across all indicators included in the survey. And youth (aged 18-35) are less engaged than older generations on all types of political and civic participation…
The impacts of urban vs. rural location present their own conundrums. Resource-based analyses would anticipate that urbanites are generally more educated and wealthier and have better access to infrastructure, and are thus more likely to become engaged citizens. Moreover, modernisation theory would predict that those who uproot and migrate to urban areas are “agents of change” who are likely to be among the most politically active (Bratton et al., 2005). But the evidence does not always support this expectation (Isaksson, 2014).

In many cases we find that rural inhabitants are much more active than urbanites (Figure 23). The largest differences are in more rural-centric forms of engagement, such as contacting traditional leaders (rural +21 points) and attending community meetings (+23 points).

But the differences persist across several other forms of engagement, including voting (+8 points), political party affiliation (+10 points), contacting local government councillors (+7 points), and joining with others to raise an issue (+8 points). And there is no significant difference between rural and urban inhabitants with respect to the propensity to discuss politics, to contact MPs and party officials, or even, most surprisingly, to participate in protests, which is typically seen – at least in the news media – as a predominantly urban mode of engagement.


城乡地区的影响带来了自身的难题。基于资源的分析会预期,城市居民通常受教育程度更高,更富有,更容易获得基础设施,因此更有可能成为参与公民。此外,现代化理论会预测,那些背井离乡迁移到城市地区的人是“变革的推动者”,他们最有可能成为政治上最活跃的人群之一(Bratton et al., 2005)。但证据并非总是支持这一预期(Isaksson, 2014)。

在许多情况下,我们发现农村居民比城市居民活跃得多(图23)。最大的差异体现在更以农村为中心的参与形式上,例如联系传统领导人(农村+21个百分点)和参加社区会议(+23个百分点)。

但这种差异在其他几种参与形式中依然存在,包括投票(+8个百分点)、政党归属(+10个百分点)、联系地方政府议员(+7个百分点)以及与他人一起提出问题(+8个百分点)。在讨论政治、联系议会议员和政党官员,甚至最令人惊讶的是,参与抗议方面,城乡居民之间没有显著差异,而抗议通常被视为——至少在新闻媒体中——一种主要发生在城市的参与模式。
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Afrobarometer Round 9 data confirm that women continue to engage at substantially lower rates than men across all indicators included in the survey. And youth (aged 18-35) are less engaged than older generations on all types of political and civic participation…
Youth engagement levels globally reflect a complex interplay of resources (more time, more education, more energy, but less developed skills and less money) interacting with lifecycle and generational effects (Isaksson, 2014). In Africa, moreover, youth often have radically different experiences of democracy than their parents and grandparents (Mattes, 2012). But ultimately most studies have expected, and found, that youth participate less than older cohorts.

This continues to hold true in Afrobarometer’s most recent findings (Figure 22). For all types of political and civic participation except protest, young Africans (aged 18-35, using the African Union definition) are less politically engaged than older generations. The disparity is largest for voting, where a massive 18-percentage-point gap separates youth from older respondents: Nearly four in 10 young people (37%) are relinquishing their opportunity – or abdicating their responsibility – to select their own leaders. (For country breakdowns, see Page 29).

Youth are also less likely to feel close to a party (-8 points), to attend a community meeting (-12 points), to join with others to raise an issue (-8 points), and to contact traditional leaders and local government councillors (-10 points each).

The one form of participation where the young marginally surpass their elders is protest: One in 10 youth (10%) say they joined a protest during the previous year, compared to 8% among those over 35.


青年参与水平反映了资源(更多时间、更多教育、更多精力,但技能和金钱较少)与生命周期和代际效应(Isaksson,2014)之间复杂的相互作用。此外,在非洲,青年对民主的体验往往与他们的父母和祖父母截然不同(Mattes,2012)。但最终,大多数研究都预期并发现,青年参与度低于老年群体。

这在非洲晴雨表的最新调查结果中依然如此(图22)。除了抗议之外,在所有类型的政治和公民参与中,非洲青年(18-35岁,采用非洲联盟的定义)的政治参与度都低于老一辈。投票方面的差距最大,青年与老年受访者之间存在高达18个百分点的巨大差距:近十分之四的年轻人(37%)放弃了选择自己领导人的机会——或推卸了他们的责任。(有关国家细分,请参见第29页)。

青年也不太可能感到与某个政党亲近(-8个百分点),参加社区会议(-12个百分点),与他人一起提出问题(-8个百分点),以及联系传统领导人和地方政府议员(各-10个百分点)。

青年略微超越老年人的唯一一种参与形式是抗议:十分之一的青年(10%)表示他们在前一年参加了抗议,而35岁以上的人群中这一比例为8%。
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〈…〉 Taken together, these findings suggest that advocates for overcoming women’s general disadvantage in political and civic participation will need analysis tailored to particular forms of engagement and specific countries to identify where and why women’s voices are most egregiously missing.


〈…〉总而言之,这些〈详见报告的〉发现表明,倡导克服女性在政治和公民参与中普遍劣势的人,需要针对特定的参与形式和具体的国家进行分析,以确定女性的声音在何处以及为何最严重地缺失。
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Afrobarometer Round 9 data confirm that women continue to engage at substantially lower rates than men across all indicators included in the survey. And youth (aged 18-35) are less engaged than older generations on all types of political and civic participation…
Resource-based analyses also predict lower participation for women, who face a mix of distinct incentives and disincentives for engagement. On the one hand, women often feel the burden of meeting family needs for food, clean water, health care, and education most profoundly. But they have fewer resources in terms of assets, time, and education. As a result, findings from many regions show that women have historically participated at lower rates than men. Although this gap appears to be closing rapidly in Western democracies (Inglehart & Norris, 2000), it has proved much more persistent in Africa.
Stark gender differences may reflect not just resource endowments but also structural and cultural factors that constrain women’s engagement (Isaksson et al., 2014; Twum & Logan, 2023). For example, although Afrobarometer has long found that in principle Africans strongly support women’s equality in politics, in practice the picture is less rosy, as a majority (52%) report that women who run for office are likely to experience harassment, and many women continue to face discrimination of various types in homes, schools, and workplaces (Twum & Logan, 2023; African Development Bank Group & UNECA, 2024). Limited social tolerance for women’s absence from the home or direct engagement with still predominantly male political leaders may pose significant hurdles to women’s participation. Afrobarometer Round 9 data confirm that women engage at substantially lower rates than men across all 10 indicators included in the survey (Figure 21). The smallest margins are in voting (-6 percentage points), contacting members of Parliament (MPs) (-6 points), and protesting (-3 points). The gap grows to -16 points for discussing politics and to -14 points for both attending community meetings and joining with others to raise an issue. (For more detail on gender differences at the country level, see Page 31). Women are also less likely to contact leaders, by margins of up to -13 points in the case of traditional leaders.


基于资源的分析还预测女性的参与度会较低,她们面临着参与的独特激励和抑制因素的混合。一方面,女性往往最深刻地感受到满足家庭对食物、清洁水、医疗保健和教育需求的负担。但她们在资产、时间和教育方面的资源较少。因此,许多地区的研究结果表明,女性的历史参与率低于男性。尽管这种差距在西方民主国家似乎正在迅速缩小(Inglehart & Norris, 2000),但在非洲却持续存在。

显著的性别差异可能不仅反映了资源禀赋,还反映了限制女性参与的结构和文化因素(Isaksson et al., 2014; Twum & Logan, 2023)。例如,尽管非洲晴雨表长期以来发现非洲人原则上强烈支持女性在政治上的平等,但实际上情况并不那么乐观,因为大多数人(52%)报告说竞选公职的女性可能会遭受骚扰,许多女性在家庭、学校和工作场所继续面临各种形式的歧视(Twum & Logan, 2023; African Development Bank Group & UNECA, 2024)。社会对女性离家或直接与仍然以男性为主的政治领导人接触的有限容忍度,可能对女性的参与构成重大障碍。非洲晴雨表第九轮数据显示,在调查中包含的所有10项指标中,女性的参与率都大大低于男性(图21)。最小的差距在于投票(-6个百分点)、联系议会议员(-6个百分点)和抗议(-3个百分点)。讨论政治的差距扩大到-16个百分点,参加社区会议和与他人一起提出问题的差距都扩大到-14个百分点。(有关国家层面性别差异的更多详细信息,请参见第31页)。女性联系领导人的可能性也较小,在传统领导人方面差距高达-13个百分点。
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Afrobarometer Round 9 data confirm that women continue to engage at substantially lower rates than men across all indicators included in the survey. And youth (aged 18-35) are less engaged than older generations on all types of political and civic participation…
In Afrobarometer Round 9 findings, education does not correlate consistently with an individual’s propensity to engage politically (Figure 19). People with post-secondary education are much more likely to discuss politics (+17 percentage points) than those with no formal schooling. But across several other forms of participation, the most educated take a back seat. They are substantially less likely to vote (-9 points) or be affiliated with a political party (-8 points), to attend community meetings (-15 points), and to contact traditional leaders (-16 points). The more educated are, however, marginally more likely to protest (+4 points), slightly more likely to join with others to raise an issue (+3 points), and about equally likely to contact an MP, local government councillor, or political party official.

An assessment of the effects of economic status4 yields a similar story. The wealthiest and the poorest are about equally likely to vote, protest, discuss politics, and contact an MP (Figure 20). But for all of the other modes of participation, it is those who experience the greatest economic hardship who participate more, often by wide margins. People with high lived poverty are far more likely to attend a community meeting (+24 points) and contact a traditional leader (+21 points), both more traditional forms of engagement. But they are also more likely to identify with a political party (+12 points), to join with others to raise an issue (+13 points), and to contact a local government councillor (+10 points) or a political party official (+6 points).

It appears that needs – for better access to services, for jobs, for economic stability, and for a better quality of life – may be a key motivator for political participation in Africa, even when resources, skills, and opportunities are in short supply.


在非洲晴雨表第九轮调查结果中,教育与个人参与政治的倾向性没有持续的相关性(图19)。受过高等教育的人比没有受过正规教育的人更有可能讨论政治(高出17个百分点)。但在其他几种参与形式中,受教育程度最高的人却退居次席。他们投票的可能性大大降低(-9个百分点),与政党结盟的可能性也大大降低(-8个百分点),参加社区会议的可能性降低(-15个百分点),联系传统领导人的可能性降低(-16个百分点)。然而,受教育程度较高的人参与抗议的可能性略高(+4个百分点),与他人一起提出问题的可能性略高(+3个百分点),并且联系议员、地方政府议员或政党官员的可能性大致相同。

对经济状况影响的评估4得出了类似的结果。最富有和最贫困的人在投票、抗议、讨论政治和联系议员方面的可能性大致相同(图20)。但对于所有其他参与模式,经济最困难的人参与更多,而且往往差距很大。生活贫困程度高的人更有可能参加社区会议(+24个百分点)和联系传统领导人(+21个百分点),这两种都是更传统的参与形式。但他们也更有可能认同某个政党(+12个百分点),与他人一起提出问题(+13个百分点),并联系地方政府议员(+10个百分点)或政党官员(+6个百分点)。

由此观之,对更好服务、就业、经济稳定和更高生活质量的需求,可能是非洲政治参与的关键动力,即使资源、技能和机会都很匮乏。
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Citizen_engagement_Afrobarometer_flagship_report_ENG_4july25_1.pdf
Afrobarometer Round 9 data confirm that women continue to engage at substantially lower rates than men across all indicators included in the survey. And youth (aged 18-35) are less engaged than older generations on all types of political and civic participation except protest; the disparity is largest for voting, where an 18-percentage-point gap separates youth from their elders. But as last year’s massive protests against Kenya’s Finance Bill demonstrate, once motivated, youth engagement can carry impressive weight. It may also take new forms: In response to a question asked in 28 countries in 2024 (Round 10), 7% of young Africans say they used social media during the previous year to “post about politics or community affairs” – a still-nascent form of political participation that has shown remarkable impact and is likely to grow.

Compared to citizens with post-secondary education, those with no formal schooling are more likely to vote, to identify with a political party, to attend community meetings, and to contact traditional leaders, and are about equally likely to contact an MP, local government councillor, or political party official.

Similarly, the poorest citizens are more likely than the well-off to identify with a political party, attend a community meeting, join with others to raise an issue, and contact traditional leaders, local government councillors, and political party officials, and are about equally likely to vote, protest, discuss politics, and contact MPs.


非洲晴雨表第九轮调查数据证实:在调查涵盖的所有指标中,女性参与率仍显著低于男性。青年群体(18-35岁)在除抗议活动外的各类政治及公民参与中均低于年长世代,其中投票参与率的代际差距最大——青年群体比年长者低18个百分点。但去年肯尼亚针对《财政法案》的大规模抗议活动表明,青年群体一旦被动员起来,其影响力不容小觑。参与形式也可能创新:2024年第十轮在28国的调查显示,7%的非洲青年表示过去一年曾通过社交媒体“发布政治或社区事务相关内容”——这种仍处于萌芽阶段的政治参与形式已展现显著影响力,且潜力可观。

与受过高等教育的群体相比,未接受正规教育的公民更倾向于投票、认同政党、参加社区会议及联络传统领袖(如,部落首领等);而在联系议员、地方政府委员或政党官员方面,两者概率基本持平。

同样,最贫困群体比富裕阶层更可能认同政党、参加社区会议、联合发起议题、联络传统领袖及地方政府委员和政党官员;而在投票、抗议、讨论政治议题和联系议员等方面,两者的参与概率大致相当。
国务院办公厅印发《关于健全“高效办成一件事”重点事项常态化推进机制的意见》(以下简称《意见》),对进一步优化政务服务、提升行政效能,健全常态化推进机制作出部署。

《意见》强调,要坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导,深入贯彻党的二十大和二十届二中、三中全会精神,践行以人民为中心的发展思想,进一步发挥“高效办成一件事”牵引作用,推动重点事项清单管理和常态化实施,在更多领域更大范围加强部门协同和服务集成,带动政府治理能力整体提升,持续优化营商环境,增强企业和群众获得感,助力高质量发展。

《意见》提出4个方面的重点任务。一是加强重点事项清单管理,明确经营主体和个人全生命周期重点事项总体清单,发布年度重点事项清单,鼓励探索建立特色事项清单。二是推动重点事项常态化实施,优化重点事项业务流程,统筹线上办事系统建设,提升线下办事服务能力,加大政务数据共享力度,探索开展“人工智能+政务服务”,注重用户体验和评价反馈。三是拓展“高效办成一件事”应用领域,推进“一类事”服务集成化,提升综合监管质效,提高政务运行效能。四是强化组织实施,加强行业指导和跨部门协同,注重省级统筹和基层创新,完善制度和标准体系,做好业务指导和宣传引导。

《意见》指出,坚持集约高效、整体规划,加强资产调剂共享,避免低效闲置、铺张浪费,坚决防治和纠正政务服务中的“面子工程”。强化统筹规划,在确保安全的前提下稳妥有序推进人工智能大模型等新技术在政务服务领域应用。持续完善全国一体化在线政务服务平台,强化有关业务系统集约整合和互联互通,提高安全防护能力水平。

《意见》要求,国务院有关部门要加强本行业本领域重点事项统筹协调,强化条块联动,实现涉及本行业本领域的“一件事”标准统一、业务协同。各省(自治区、直辖市)人民政府要统筹推进本地区“高效办成一件事”工作,明确部门分工,加强综合协调,强化跟踪督办和创新激励。注重发挥市县级政务服务管理部门直接服务企业和群众的优势,创造性推动重点事项在基层一线落地见效。
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